HONORS ENGLISH 2:

Periods 3,4,5 and 8

ENGLISH 2:

Period 7

Integrating Sources & Your Questions Answered

 In order to use a source effectively in your paper, you must integrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear to your reader not only which ideas come from that source, but also what the source is adding to your own thinking—what the source is doing in your paper. In other words, each source you use in a paper should be there for a reason, and your reader should not have to guess what that reason is. When you're finished drafting your paper, you should always go back and make sure that you have made conscious decisions about how and where to use each source and that you've made the reasons for those decisions clear to your readers. The following section offers guidance about how to make these decisions, as well as advice on the nuts and bolts of integrating sources into your paper.

 As you think about what portion of a source to use in your paper, keep thinking back to what you're trying to do in your paper, and how the source helps you accomplish this goal. When you choose the parts of a source that are most relevant to your argument, you may be surprised to find that you are using less of that source (and therefore spending more time analyzing how it fits into your argument) than you originally imagined you would

How to use quotations, paraphrases, and summaries

 Read the entire text, noting the key points and main ideas.
 Summarize in your own words what the single main idea of the piece of writing is.
 Paraphrase important supporting points that come up in the passage.
 Consider any words, phrases, or brief passages that you believe should be quoted directly.
 There are several ways to integrate quotations into your text. Often, a short quotation works well when integrated into a sentence. Longer quotations can stand alone.
 Remember that quoting should be done only sparingly; be sure that you have a good reason to include a direct quotation when you decide to do so.
 EXERCISE: Read the article distributed (or, preferably, an article or passage from your research) and follow the steps above. Write a brief paragraph that incorporates all three styles of integrating information.


 Source material cannot make your points for you. Source material can back up your points or provide material for you to argue against; therefore, you will typically have to introduce source material and comment on how it helps prove your point. Essentially, source material has no significance without your commentary to provide context and meaning.

 Summarizing involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s). Once again, it is necessary to attribute summarized ideas to the original source. Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source material.
 When you summarize from a source, you provide the main idea that your sources develop. Summaries are general in scope; they might reduce a whole page to a one-sentence statement, or a whole chapter to a paragraph.

 Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into your own words. A paraphrase must also be attributed to the original source. Paraphrased material is usually shorter than the original passage, taking a somewhat broader segment of the source and condensing it slightly.
 Paraphrase essentially means “in other words.” To paraphrase, then, is to restate a passage in your own words, to convey someone else’s idea or viewpoint in language that fits more closely with the original language of your paper. Paraphrasing differs from summarizing in that it involves and helps to integrate the source material more seamlessly into your ongoing discussion. Paraphrasing information and retaining the original meaning indicates that you understand the concepts.
 Any time you paraphrase an author's words and ideas in your paper, you should make it clear to your reader why you are presenting this particular material from a source at this point in your paper. You should also make sure you have represented the author accurately, that you have used your own words consistently, and that you have cited the source.

 Source material
 Milgram, S. (1974). The perils of obedience. In L.G. Kirszner & S.R. Mandell (Eds.) The Blair reader (pp.725-737). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
 The problem of obedience is not wholly psychological. The form and shape of society and the way it is developing have much to do with it. There was a time, perhaps, when people were able to give a fully human response to any situation because they were fully absorbed in it as human beings. But as soon as there was a division of labor things changed.
 --Stanley Milgram, "The Perils of Obedience"
Paraphrase
 This paraphrase restates one of Milgram's points in the author's own words. When you paraphrase, you should always cite the source.
 Milgram claims that people's willingness to obey authority figures cannot be explained by psychological factors alone. In an earlier era, people may have had the ability to invest in social situations to a greater extent. However, as society has become increasingly structured by a division of labor, people have become more alienated from situations over which they do not have control (737).

RESEARCH QUESTIONS ANSWERED 5/15/12

A. PLEASE SEE “INTEGRATING SOURCES” on this web page.
B. I know you’re all a bit weary, but I found ALL of this information on the OWL site. Please search that site thoroughly before posing questions. I want to help, but I don’t want to infantilize you.
Pdf files in-text citations
Determine the type of work to cite (e.g., article, image, sound recording) and cite appropriately. End the entry with the name of the digital format (e.g., PDF, JPEG file, Microsoft Word file, MP3). If the work does not follow traditional parameters for citation, give the author’s name, the name of the work, the date of creation, and the medium of publication. Use Digital file when the medium cannot be determined.
Works Cited Entry Example:
Council of Writing Program Administrators, National Council of Teachers of English,
and National Writing Project. Framework for Success in Postsecondary Writing. CWPA, NCTE, and NWP, 2011. url address (which will note .pdf)
Provide an in-text citation the same way you would any other source, noting the author or title first and the page number.
Quoting a quote
There are two ways to quote a quote. Let’s say I interview Mr. Lewis for an article I’m writing about teaching gifted students. He comments, “Holmdel High School students are tremendously diligent and intelligent.” You would cite the quote in one of two ways:
Jason Lewis comments, “‘Holmdel High School students are tremendously diligent and intelligent’” (qtd. in McDonald 5).
OR
One math teacher at Holmdel comments, “[our] students are tremendously diligent and intelligent’” (Lewis qtd. in McDonald 5).
Foreword citations
Cite the publishing information about a book as usual, but cite Introduction, Preface, Foreword, or Afterword (whatever title is applicable) as the chapter of the book.
In the following example, the "Part being Cited" refers to the Introduction, Preface, Foreword or Afterword.


Parenthetical Citation:
(Author Surname [of Part being Cited] page number)

Works Cited:
Author Surname, First Name [of the Part being Cited]. Name of Part being Cited.
Book Title: Subtitle. By Author First Name Surname [of entire work - use Ed.
instead of "By" if an Editor is responsible for the work]. Place of Publication:
Publisher, Year. Page range of Part being Cited. Medium.

Citing website if author not found (government)
ALWAYS, ALWAYS, ALWAYS cite the FIRST WORD or WORDS OF THE WORKS CITED ENTRY in the in-text citation.
Where do we look for information on the publication?
On the title page of the book. For web pages, you often need to go to the home page or look for the “About Us” page on the site.
URLs needed in our Works Cited?
Yes, they I am requiring them.
Personal interviews allowed? If so, how would you cite it? Yes, but check with me first.
Roth, David Lee. Personal interview. 1 Dec. 2000.
Transcript from a historical video program as a source, cite as video or lecture or web?
Document Internet film clips by the name of the website and date of access. Cite clip information in this order: name of director, title, release year, name of website, the date you visited the site and the web address:
Murnau, F.W., dir. Nosferatu. 1922. The Sync. 10 Oct 2008. <web address>.

How do I cite a newspaper/magazine article that is online?
Online
The MLA handbook requires the author of the article, the name of the article, the name of the newspaper, and the date published. The electronic information you want to add to this citation includes the date accessed and the URL.
Format:
Author of Article. "Name of article." Name of Newspaper Date Published. Date Accessed <URL>.
Examples:
• Somashekar, Darshan. "Bioethics and Religion." New York Times on the Web 8 Oct. 2004. 10 Oct. 2004
<http://www.nytimes.com/bioethics>.
Do I cite a newspaper online as a print or web source?
Web.
How do you use n.p. and n.d.?
I don’t think you’ll need these abbreviations for this paper, since I am advising that all sources should have a clear author, publisher and date. You would place these abbreviations where the missing information would normally go.
Is it okay if the .gov source doesn’t have an author or date?
Yes.
What section do we put the solution in?
The solution would be noted in the introduction and then in Sections 4 and 5 of the paper.
Is it acceptable to use a page # twice in 2 different in-text citations from a source?
Yes, but needing to do so might signal that you need to combine sentences. Remember, that I don’t want more than 2 references to a single source.
How do you write in-text citation when paraphrasing from a website with no page number?
Identify the source by providing the FIRST WORDS from the WORKS CITED entry, followed by the page number, if needed. . . OR you could credit the source in the sentence itself.
Do you put an article title in quotes within an in-text citation? Yes. The in-text citation should mirror the Works Cited entry exactly.
How do you summarize from multiple sources but 1 source doesn’t have an author and you only have the title to the others?
Example: Here is the last sentence in my mega-summary (Stark 4; “How to Play a Uke”; “Strumming Away to the Oldies”)
How do you cite internet source without the author? First words in the Works Cited entry.
Do you need page number if name of author already in sentence? Yes, if print.
Page number for in-text from web? No. You can include (para. 3) – paragraph number – if you like, but I’m not requiring it.
Can you site one source multiple times throughout? Only 2x from a single source.
Can you add sources later on or was that all due today? Up until Friday 5/18.
How can we correctly write an in-text citation?
For print, use (Miller 46) if author is not named in the sentence. For web, use (Miller) OR (Miller para. 3). Remember that the url should be in the WORKS CITED ENTRY ONLY.
When using Ebscohost, what should we list for page #? Use the page range noted with the publication information for the article.
Do you need to credit Ebscohost? No, the hell with them and their picayune search terms. No, seriously, MLA no longer requires the database to be credited. They’re still crying about that over at Ebscohost, I’m sure.
(Valentin and Tysrlin 5).
(Valentin, et. al. 5)
(Smith, “Reading is Fundamental” 5)


How to cite an abstract:
Include the word “Abstract” after the title of the article.

Walker, Joyce. “Narratives in the Database: Memorializing September 11th Online.” Abstract. Computers and Composition 24.2 (2007): 121. Print.

Source on Google Books – web or print:
Colby, June Rose. Literature and Life in School. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1906. Google Book
Search. Web. 23 July 2009.

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